, , .
. :
. : , ( , ..); SWIFT ( , ), .
, , - , , .
, , . , .
, - , , . .
I
, , , , . , . . - .
I.1
1986 . (), , .400. , .. . .
, . , . , , . , , , . , : , , .
ISO . F.400 , .400 - .
, . - . , .
, , , . ( ) . . , . , , . , E-mail, , . .400.
.400 - , , :
.400 . , , , .
1994 . ( ) . . - . () . . .
I.2
, . . , .
:
- . . . , .
: , , , . , . , , , , . . ( ).
- , . . , , , .. , . . , . .
. , 2000 . .
.25 : , , , , , .
1992 . - . , , ALCATEL. - . 112 . 1998 . 300. , , . . , 1 .
, :
, , -. - - , - Sprint International. - 1990 . . , .
, .
, : , , -50, ( ). . Global Fax ( ). , , - . , : (Union Cerd), (VISA, American Express, Diners Club, Europay/MasterCard), , SWIFT, . SprintNet .25 , . , Bankers Trust Co., Kommerz Bank, Bank of New York, Citibank, Bank of America, Drezdner Bank, Swiss Bank .
, , , . , , . , , .
150 ., - - 1200 . .
- . , , . , , , . , , , . , .
:
: , , , -, .
1993 . .400. , , , FRAME RELAY. , , .
, , . , , .
1994 . TELEMATICS AT&T. .
INTERNET.
II
SWIFT
SWIFT (Society for World-Wide Interbank Financial Telecommunications) - . SWIFT , , , .
II.1 SWIFT
1950- . (, ) . = , , . . , . , .
1960- 60 . , , , , . :
, , 1968. 1972 . . , . :
1973 . 239 15 SWIFT . , 9 1977 . . - 586 ( 513). 500 000 .
SWIFT 4800 , 155 ( 2700 ), 20 000 . , , 365 . SWIFT 3,3 ; 2000 . 5 .
SWIFT , , . , .
SWIFT - , -. (- . - ) . - - ( ). : - . . . , , , , .
SWIFT , . - SWIFT - . -. . SWIFT - ( ): , , , 1987.
SWIFT 2- : . SWIFT , : , SWIFT ( ) , , , . SWIFT . - .
SWIFT : 400 000 - 200 000 . , - 55 000 . . , ( ), . : , , . , SWIFT ( ) 5 .
, SWIFT, . - . SWIFT , Alcatel Motorola, . , : , , , . SWIFT.
SWIFT . 4 1989 . 1996 . 240 ( - 150). , , . SWIFT, , , ( 0,7% ). , , , , . 2000 .
SWIFT, , , , ( 20 30%). 1995 . SWIFT. . SWIFT , . SWIFT . , 1994 . ( 1800000 400000 ) ( 21 15 6 ), . . SWIFT 5 . , . , , 1996 . SWIFT.
SWIFT , , , .
SWIFT - , .
II.2
SWIFT .
SWIFT . SWIFT 160-200 . . , , . ( ). ( ), .. , .
II.3 SWIFT
. , , , .
, . , SWIFT, ( , ) ISO . SWIFT , . , SWIFT (CHAPS , Sagritter ).
, , , , , , . , .
11 , 130 (Message Transaction - MT), , (. 1).
, , , , ( 0). , , . , , , ..
:
LOG-IN/OUT - / ;
RETRIEVAL - ;
REPORTS - .
, , .
, .
, 1-9 n, , .
n - . 1-9, n9, n , , 9 , (, 0 - , 2 - , 5 6 - ).
1 - . , .
2 - .
1.
() |
() |
() |
1 |
2 |
3 |
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
3
0
2
3 - ,
4
5 -
6
4
0
1
2
3
1 |
2 |
3 |
5
5
0
1 /
2
3
5 , ,
6
7
8
6
0
4
7
0 (, , )
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
0
1
2
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
n
9 , ,
. , (Start of Message), (Header), (Start of Text), (Text of Message) , (End of Text), (Trailer) (End of Message).
, , . - (Bank Identifier Code, BIC, ), , , , . , , - , .. .
, . , 57 , , 69 - , 71 - , 32 - . . . . , .
. (100) - , , . , , .
:
:
. () 60 000 Holland and CO, () 15 1997 . SWIFT , .1 ( ).
DDKNBDKKKA 72122
100 02
WELDEDD |
( + ) ( , ) ( - ) |
|
:20:1005/WEN12176
:32A:970315DEM60000 :50:AMPAGO PARK AVENU 34 COPENHAGEN :59:HOLLAND AND CO
STORNGASSE 32 D-4024 DUSSELDORF |
(/ ) (, , ) (-) ( )
(-) ( )
|
|
- AUT/B1C3 |
.1. SWIFT
, SWIFT. .
II.4 SWIFT
SWIFT 1970 , . SWIFT , . SWIFT :
, , , .
SWIFT-1 . , . SWIFT-2 1989 . 1995 . , , .
SWIFT-2 , , . SWIFT-1, SWIFT-2 ( ). . , .
SWIFT-2 (.2) (System Control Processor - SCP).
SWIFT-2 :
SWIFT - , .25 . SWIFT , , SWIFT. , SWIFT .25. , , . : ( ) . .25 - , . , . .25 , , . , . , (SWIFT , ). .
II.5 SWIFT
, , SWIFT . SWIFT , .
, : , , , , . - . . , .
SWIFT . , , . SWIFT, , , .
- . SWIFT ; . , , .. , , , , .
, 1993 . - -. SWIFT . , , , , . , , . .
, SWIFT.
SWIFT , , . , .
- :
( ), . , .
, , . - . , , , .
, SWIFT, - SWIFT .
, SWIFT , , , , , .
III
. , , -, . , SWIFT BankWire - , - FedWire - () ; - CHIPS; CHAPS.
CHAPS, , 12 , . , , . CHAPS . .
1984 . Sagritter (). SWIFT. - , , : , . - , - , -. , , . . , , , , .
, , FedWire CHIPS. 90% .
FedWire - . () FedWire 5,5 . - . . . , -, ( , ). , - FedWire 12 . - , .
. - , . .
. . , .. .
- . -, .
CHIPS 1970. - . , CHIPS . - 12 . CHIPS 250 . CHIPS -, . CHIPS . , , , . - Fed-Wire. , CHIPS , CHAPS , . -, ; - .
, 18 . , 400 . . 4-5 . .
- , , .. CHIPS 80 . .
, : SWIFT , .. ; , CHAPS, CHIPS .
IV
1990- , , . :
, . , . , , .
. , , . . , .
, , ( ). , 1996 ., . , .
, 16-20 . , , . , . , , , , .
, , .
, , , . , . , , , .
. , , , , . .
. , , , .
. , . , , , , , , , . SWIFT- . EDIFACT.
, , , .
, 1993 . . :
() , , . : . , .
.
1993 . (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .) . - . - 10-12 1-2 .
1993 . Ԕ. 29 .
1997 . . , . , , , , .
34 . . , 100 . 1% 88% . , : () () .
1997 . 1997 .
1994 . () , . : , ; - .
() , - , - , , . , , . , . , , . , ( ) , .
(), :
(, , , .). ( ), , .
, - . , , , - , . , -.
, de facto . , CHIPS, CHAPS . , , , SWIFT-2.
, , . SWIFT. : SWIFT , . SWIFT - SWIFT. SWIFT.RUR , SWIFT , .
, , , , , .
|
|