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Векторная графика

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(plug-ins) Web, . 25 . . URL ( ) .

, , . CorelXara 1.5 , .GIF JPEG . Expression 1.0 Fractal Design , , .

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, , , . Microsoft, Corel Lotus , . Microsoft Office 97 , , . , AutoShape ( "" ), WordArt , .

, FlowCharter 7 Micrografx (http://www.micrografx.com) Visio Professional 4.5 Visio Corp. (http://www.visio.com). , , AutoCAD LT Autodesk (http://www.autodesk.com) Design CAD 97 ViaGrafx (http://www.viagrafx.com).

, , Planix Draftix SoftDesk (http://www.softdesk.com), Visual Home Books That Work (www.btw.com) 3D Home Architect, Edition 2 Broderbund Software (http://www.broderbund.com/3dhome).

.

1.1. Corel Draw 8-9

CorelDraw . Corel , Corel Photo-Paint. , , - . , Web, CorelDraw CorelXara.

CorelDraw CMYK . GIF JPEG , Matchprint, FreeHand , Web .

. "" ; . CorelXara 1.0, CorelDraw , CorelXara 1.5 .

CorelDraw , , , - Canvas FreeHand. "" - , .

, , - PhotoShop. , CorelDraw Corel Photo-Paint, CorelDraw. , , CorelDraw , Smart Mouse Canvas Designer.

CMYK - CorelDraw - , Kodak CMS. -, CorelDraw CorelDraw View Kodak. -, , , . HP DeskJet 310C, , RGB, . , - , - -, - .

Web, . CorelDraw , , GIF JPEG , HP. , Web, . Corel. CMX , CMX , CDR, Web. , Barista, . Barista - Corel Java Web - , .

, CorelDraw . CorelDraw , Web . CorelDraw , , , Web- Corel , .

1.2. Adobe Illustrator 6

Adobe Systems , , Adobe Illustrator 6.0. - , .

Adobe Illustrator Windows 95, Windows 3.1 . Illustrator CorelDraw, Macromedia FreeHand 7, -, Adobe .

- Illustrator - - , . - . , Macromedia FreeHand EPS AI CMYK, Illustrator. CorelDraw , , , . Canvas 5 , 140 2, Illustrator 0,2 2. Micrografx Designer , Windows 95 Microsoft Office , CorelXara . Fractal Design Expression Skeletal Strokes .

, Illustrator , . , , 5 CorelDraw, Illustrator 67 , . , Illustrator.

Illustrator , , ("") . (blend) , . , Illustrator LOGO.EPS, , Illustrator. , FreeHand, EPS, , AI Illustrator. TIFF , Illustrator , , . Illustrator Adobe Separator ( Adobe Streamline, Adobe Type Manager Adobe Type on Call) CMYK.

, Illustrator "" , . , , Kerning Control. Illustrator RTF, , Helvetica. , Illustrator .GIF JPEG Web. Illustrator, CMYK FreeHand ( , FreeHand Windows, Mac). , Illustrator S3 (Adobe ).

Illustrator, , . Adobe , - . Illustrator , FreeHand .

1.3. Micrografx Designer 7

Micrografx Designer 7 - , , , - . Designer 7 FlowCharter 7 Picture Publisher 7 Micrografx Graphics Suite, .

Designer - . - , , (curvygon). ; . , , , , . , , , , .

, , . , "" . CorelXara, Designer , WYSIWYG. , .

, . . Reference Point x y .

Designer 7 - , , , - , , , . "" , , . , . , Designer EPS CMYK RGB Adobe Illustrator. .

Designer Picture Publisher OLE. Designer GIF , GIF , , JPEG , . Designer URL , Micrografx QuickSilver 3. , , CorelXara Macromedia Shockwave.

QuickSilver , . , , . , , . , , . , Web.

Designer 7 , CMYK - . , , Web, , .

1.4. Macromedia FreeHand 7

Macromedia FreeHand 7 CMYK Web. FreeHand , , , , , , .

FreeHand , . , Pantone Hexachrome , Web, Mac, PC.

Xtra; . Xtra , Xtra, . " "; Xtra Tools, Color Mixer Color List.

FreeHand , . FreeHand , . , , - CorelDraw - FreeHand. () , , , "" . , , .

, FreeHand . , "" , , , . , . CorelDraw , nt instrument , , FreeHand . FreeHand . , , .

FreeHand . FreeHand . , , , , Shockwave. , , ; , .

FreeHand , . . , .

Web, GIF JPEG, , . , , FHC Macromedia Shockwave Graphics HTML. FreeHand URL . Web , Shockwave , , "" . Afterburner Xtra ; 30 75%.

FreeHand , . FreeHand - (WYSIWYG), .

1.5. Corel Xara 1.5

CorelXara - "" . CorelXara : , ?

CorelXara 1.5 - . . , , , . Corel CorelXara 1.5 CorelDraw 7 Web, , Web CorelXara CorelDraw .

. . ( ) (). . . CorelXara. "", - . , .

CorelXara . , , , , (). Transparency Selector Toolbar , Infobar . . , , - , -, , , . , , CorelXara .

CorelXara . , . , CorelXara , , , CorelXara . , , , . , , CorelDraw .

Web

Web - CorelXara Netscape Navigator Microsoft Internet Explorer - 25 000%. Shockwave FreeHand Macromedia , CorelXara , 133- Pentium. Web, , . 71 ( 45- JPEG 154- GIF). Web.

CorelXara Web ; GIF. Arrange Create Bitmap Copy "". GIF .

CorelXara , . -, , CorelXara .

1.6. Canvas 5

, , , Deneba Systems Canvas 5, , , .

Canvas, , . , Canvas , , .

- Presentation (), Publication () Illustration () - , Canvas . Illustration , (, Deneba , ). Publication , . Publication Illustration, Publication.

Canvas Illustration, . Canvas , LOGO.EPS; Adobe Illustrator .

. Canvas , . , , , - .

, . Canvas . , , 15 , . - , ; , . , , , , .

Canvas , . "1 = 1/4 ". , SmartMouse . , , .

, , , , Canvas . , Corel Photo-Paint, Macromedia xRes Micrografx Picture Publisher, OLE , . Canvas , FreeHand Photoshop ( ) , CorelDraw.

Canvas Web-, GIF-, JPEG-. Canvas , , . , Web (Deneba , , Web) , . , Canvas , .

1.7. Fractal Design Expression

, Fractal Design Expression, . , , , . Expression , .

, CorelXara Designer, , Expression , . Expression, Skeleton Stroke, (skeleton) "" (stroke). /, - /. .

Expression , . , . (Graphical Element) Skeleton Stroke. Stroke Warehouse , "" . , . , .

, , . , , , . "" , , . Expression "" , "". Multi-View Strokes AVI .

Expression (""), , "" Natural Media Strokes, , . , Expression .

Expression , , . Expression , . , , . Adobe Illustrator, ; Expression EPS, SoundBoard. , Expression ; . Expression .

Expression , Adobe Illustrator Photoshop CorelDraw. Expression, Fractal Design , CMYK. Expression, 200 / ( ) . Expression .

Web. GIF Multi-View Strokes Expression, JPEG. , Expression GIF, JPEG, .

Expression , , "". , , . Expression , , , , .

1.8.

. 1. :

Adobe Illustrator

Canvas 5

Corel Draw

Corel Xara 1.5

Fractal Design Expression

Macromedia FreeHand 7

Micrografx Designer 7

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Web

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Web

N/A

N/A

N/A - . .

. , .

, , .

. , (spot color) (process color) .

Web , Web. .

Micron Millenia Pentium/133, 64- , 2- , MGA Millennium Matrox Graphics 4- , 20- FlexScan T2-20 EIZO Nanao Technologies 6x8- Wacom Technology ArtZII.

. 2. .

+ , -

Adobe Illustrator

Canvas 5

Corel Draw

Corel Xara 1.5

Fractal Design Expression 1.0

Macromedia FreeHand 7

Micrografx Designer 7

/ OLE/ OLE

+ + +

- + +

+ + +

- + -

- - -

- + -

- + +

CMYK

CMYK, HSL, RGB

CIE lab, CMY, CMYK, HSB, HSL, RGB, YIQ

CMYK, HSV, RGB

CMYK, HSL, RGB

CMYK, HSL, RGB

CMYK, HSL, RGB

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//

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+ + +

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- - +

+ - +

/*/PostScript

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+ - -

+ + +

+ + -

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+ - +

+ - -

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- + +

+ - +

- - -

- - -

+ - -

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- - -

- - -

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+ - -

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//

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+ + +

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- -

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/

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+ + ( )

+ +

+ -

+ -

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+ +

+ +

+ -

- -

+ -

- -

/ /

- + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

- + +

+ - +

+ + +

AI/EPS/WMF

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

CDR/DXF/PDF

- + -

+ + +

+ + +

+ - -

+ - -

+ - +

+ + -

PCX/PhotoCD/Pict (Macintosh)

- - +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

- - +

- - +

+ + +

JPG/TGA/TIFF

- - -

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

- - -

+ + +

+ + +

AI/EPS/WMF

+ + +

+ + -

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

CDR/DXF/PDF

- + -

- + +

+ + +

+ - -

+ - -

- - +

+ + -

PCX/Pict (Macintosh)

+ +

+ -

+ +

+ +

- +

- +

+ +

JPG/TGA/TIFF

- - +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

Web

GIF/ GIF/ GIF-

- - -

+ - -

+ + +

+ + +

- - -

+ + -

+ - -

GIF/ GIF/ GIF-

- - -

+ - -

+ + -

+ + +

- - -

+ + -

+ - -

URL

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

URL

-

-

-

+

-

+

+

//

- - -

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

- - N/A

+ + +

+ + +

Focoltone, Pantone, Toyo, Trumatch

Pantone, Toyo, Trumatch

Focoltone, Pantone, Toyo, Trumatch

Focoltone, Pantone

Focoltone, Pantone, Toyo, Trumatch

Pantone

+

+

+

+

-

+

+

N/A - . .

* .

2.

, : . . , , , , ..NT> , - . , .

( , ). (bitmap), - (pixel - picture element). , . . - , , , , .

BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap) Windows, , . , Windows , , . ( 256 ), RGB- (16.700.000 ). , RLE, , ( .rle). OS/2. Macintosh BMP Photoshop'.

WMF (Windows Metafile) Windows. (Clipboard). Windows, . , , WMF "" . WMF (!) , , , Macintosh.

PICT (Macintosh QuickDraw Picture Format) Macintosh. , . Mac'e . .pic .pct. PICT , .

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) TIFF , Macintosh . TIFF . RGB, CMYK Pantone. TIFF Photoshop'a, Alpha- Adobe Premiere . TIFF : Macintosh. , Intel Motorola . - , . LZW-, TIFF'e. (, QuarkXPress 3.x Adobe Streamline) , , . 3-4 , .

Scitex CT ( - .sct) Scitex Scitex CT TIFF'a, . (Imagesetter) Scitex (Dolev) .

PS (Adobe PostScript) PostScript - ( ) Adobe. .ps , , .prn Print to file PostScript-. ( , ), , , : , , , . - , , True Type Adobe Type 1. . Adobe PostScript level 4. PostScript - . , .

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) EPS - PostScript. , . PostScript, EPS , Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop Macromedia FreeHand . EPS , , . , PostScript-. EPS , , Duotone, Clippind Path - , QuarkXPress, PageMaker, FreeHand ( - FreeHand'a ). (Image header). PICT, TIFF WMF, EPS , , Photoshop Illustrator. , PostScript- . PostScript- . Macintosh (!), PICT. , , - , , . . TIFF. , . CorelDRAW WMF, Microsoft - . EPS , - Photoshop EPS. , , Photoshop' EPS Encoding (). ASCII , , . Macintosh Binary () , , ASCII, . , .

JPEG. EPS- Preview () JPEG- , JPEG! JPEG- Photoshop EPS , JPEG'e. - Photoshop EPS. (CMYK) Photoshop EPS JPEG- RGB ! . - , , , . , - ( QuarkXPress 3.x, Black, ), - ( QuarkXPress 4 PageMaker, , - Cyan, ). TIFF'e. , , EPS . , . , Quark EPS Corel' EPS 6 - . , , - EPS- Adobe, PostScript: Photoshop Illustrator.

Illustrator'e. EPS-. .

PDF (Portable Document Format) PDF (Portable Document Format) Adobe , ( ) , . (portable), PDF- . - . Adobe Acrobat. Acrobat Distiller PDF PostScript-, Acrobat Exchange : , , Web-. PDF'. PDF - - . 3 , PostScript-. Exchange PDF PostScript'. , , .. PDF e-mail . , PDF . PDF - . http://www.adobe.com/acrobat Adobe Acrobat Reader, , . ( Publish), Adobe , Photoshop'a, Illustrator'a PageMaker'a, PDF.

PSD (Adobe Photoshop Document) PSD - Photoshop. , , , - , Photoshop. 3.0, RLE-, 4- . PSD , Fractal Design Painter Corel PHOTO-PAINT PSD, PHOTO-PAINT 8 PSD 100- . 5- , , (spot) , Photoshop'a 5- 3- . Photoshop'e 2.5 , , .

AI (Adobe Illustrator Document) Adobe Illustrator , . , - 33 . FreeHand' CorelDRAW , , - AI - PostScript. AI . Illustrator' , Macintosh . 3- 4- AI. , Photoshop'e (Web-, ), Illustrator 7 , .. Photoshop' . Photoshop Illustrator'a (AI EPS) .

FH8 (FreeHand Document, ) . FreeHand, Illustrator 7 Macintosh Macromedia. 7- 8- . . FreeHand'a PostScript.

CDR (CorelDRAW Document) , , CorelDRAW , . (FreeHand, Illustrator, PageMaker - ) CDR. 7- 8- CorelDRAW . , , CDR 4545 ( ); 4- , . Corel , Macintosh CorelDRAW . - "Corel". - CorelDRAW 6 for Macintosh , 8- , ,

3.

, . 2D, 3D . , . . , . ( ), . , , , , . . , , . , . , .

.. , : , , , , , .. 3D- , . .

(3D). . . , . , . , - . . . ( ""), , . , . . , , .

3D- 2D-. , , , .

, .., , , , .. ...

4.

, , , , , , , . . , , . , , , .

CAD/CAM . , Boeing, .

CAD/CAM walkthrough ( ). , McDonald's, 1987 , , . , (Baltimore Orioles'Camden Yards Park).

, : , , , ( , ). .

. , . , NASA Ames Research Center , . NASA Ames . NASA , , . , , : Fakespace, Cristal River Engineering Telepresence Research.

, , , - .

,

, - , , . 1991 , . , 1998 . , , . , , , , , .

"" , , , , , . - , - . , , .

, . " " 1993 . 3D , , 1994 : "The Lion King", "The Mask", "True Lies" "Forrest Gump".

. . 30% ( 144 . .) , .

Media Lab "-". , News Future , , , , .

5.

-- , Internet , Web- . : Web , .

, Internet -- GIF JPEG -- . , , (, GIF89a 1989 .) -- . , , , . , GIF 256- , JPEG . , 1995 . GIF , Unisys, LZW, CompuServe, , , .

Internet , GIF, . Portable Network Graphics (PNG) W3C 1996 . -- PNG 1.1.

PNG 48- 16- - , GIF. , - (alpha channel), , -. PNG , , LZ77, ZIP-.

PNG GIF JPEG. . , : Internet Explorer 4.0 Netscape Navigator 4.04 PNG ; . , ( ).

Web FlashPix, : Kodak, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft Live Picture. JPEG-, , . -- . , , . Microsoft PhotoDraw 2000, Internet Explorer, , LivePicture www.livepicture.com/download/clients/lpviewer_win.html.

Iterated Systems, (Fractal Image Format, FIF), FIF .

, , JPEG, : , , Web-.

-- , wavelet-. , . , , JPEG 2000. , : 256 , -; ICC-; . wavelet- -- . Wavelet- , , .

AT&T wavelet- -- DjVu. -- . , Web . AT&T djvu.research.att.com DjVu -, , .

, -- . , . , , - , , , Web- .

, . , Web , , , . , .

Web , - .

, Macromedia, -- Flash. () . Flash 3 , , , , . , , , .

, , , Macromedia . -- , Flash -- . , . , . Web Schematics, DrawML, PGML VML.

Web Schematics . , , , Adobe FrameMaker Microsoft Word. HTML CSS1.

Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard , , World Wide Web (W3C) , .

(Vector Markup Language - VML) Web- , . , , Microsoft, .

, , , , .

Web- , , GIF, JPEG PNG. , , .

VML Web- Web- , .

, - . - . , , , .

VML Extensible Markup Language (XML - ), HTML. Web- , , .

Microsoft HP W3C VML AutoDesk, Macromedia Visio Corp.

, VML.

, Microsoft VML Microsoft Explorer, Windows Microsoft Office, .

.

.

, Macromedia Flash SWF. Autodesk AutoCAD DWF.

, VML , Office HTML- , .

Microsoft Word HTML-, Word , - .

Word HTML. VML , - .

, , - Macromedia, Flash.

, - .

XML 1.0 VML , W3C. - HTML 4.0 Cascading Style Sheets 2.0, Web. #

IETF Internet

Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) (IETF) (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension Image Type) Internet. CGM, CAD, CAE , ( GIF JPEG) Internet. .

300, CGM- . , CGM FIGleaf Inline Electronic Book Technologies. - , Netscape Navigator 2.0, http://www.ct.ebt.com/figinline.

- , / - . - 100 - . , , 12%. , , 10% 5 . , , , , , .. . , , - , .

100 1964 50.000 1977 , , 1994 , , 3 . 60 . . , 36 . ., 300 . . .


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